GHK-Cu (copper peptide GHK) is a naturally occurring tripeptide — glycine-histidine-lysine — with a high affinity for copper ions. It was first isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr. Loren Pickart and has since become one of the most researched peptides in dermatological and wound healing literature.
Biological Activity
GHK-Cu has been studied across a wide range of biological activities in preclinical models:
Collagen and Extracellular Matrix
In vitro studies have shown GHK-Cu stimulates the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblast cell cultures. It also appears to regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) — enzymes responsible for breaking down extracellular matrix proteins.
Antioxidant Activity
Multiple studies have demonstrated GHK-Cu's ability to upregulate antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase in cell models, suggesting a role in reducing oxidative stress markers.
Gene Expression
A 2010 genome-wide study (Pickart et al.) found that GHK-Cu modulated the expression of over 4,000 human genes — approximately 31% of the genes studied — many of them associated with tissue remodeling, anti-inflammatory pathways, and cellular repair mechanisms.
Wound Healing Models
Animal studies using GHK-Cu-treated wound dressings have demonstrated improved healing rates, increased tensile strength of repaired tissue, and reduced scarring compared to control groups.
Limitations of Current Research
The majority of GHK-Cu studies are in vitro or use topical application in animal models. Systemic bioavailability, optimal dosing parameters, and long-term safety profiles in humans remain uncharacterized in peer-reviewed literature.
Researchers should treat all findings as preliminary until human clinical data is available.
Storage Recommendations
GHK-Cu is relatively stable compared to many peptides. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C in a sealed, light-protected container. Once in solution, store at 4°C and use within 30 days.
All products are strictly for laboratory and in-vitro research purposes only. Not intended for human or veterinary use.